Table of contents

Credits

Foreword

Introduction

1. Users and cultural contents on the web: state of the art

1.1 Users and services in cultural web applications: websites and portals
1.1.1 Libraries
1.1.1.1  Digital libraries 
1.1.2 Museums
1.1.3 Archives
1.1.4 Temporary events
1.1.5 Research and education services
1.1.6 Cultural portals
1.1.7 Cultural tourism portals
1.1.8 Annex - Good practices
1.1.8.1 British Library
1.1.8.2 New York Public Library
1.1.8.3 Gallica
1.1.8.4 Project Gutenberg
1.1.8.5 Louvre
1.1.8.6 Hermitage Virtual Academy – Virtual Academy
1.1.8.7 Every object tells a story
1.1.8.8 National Archives of Australia – Virtual Room
1.1.8.9 Public Records Office – Just for kids
1.1.8.10 Berlinale – Berlin International Film Festival
1.1.8.11 Italian research Portal
1.1.8.12 UK-student.net
1.1.8.13 Christ's College Finchley, UK
1.1.8.14 American Memory of the Library of Congress
1.1.8.15 TEL – The European Library
1.1.8.16 Spain.Info

1.2 Current trends in web services: Web 2.0-3.0
1.2.1 Blogs
1.2.2 Wikis
1.2.3 Content in a pod
1.2.4 Micro-content: sharing, bookmarking and social tagging
1.2.5 Social networking sites
1.2.6 MUVEs (Multi User Virtual Environments)
1.2.7 Conclusion
1.2.8 Annex - Good practices
1.2.8.1 MySpace
1.2.8.2 Facebook
1.2.8.3 Linkedin
1.2.8.4 Second House of Sweden in Second Life
1.2.8.5 McMaster University, Ontario
1.2.8.6 Musée du Louvre on Thompson Island
1.2.8.7 The Staatliche Kunstsammlungen's Old Masters - Picture Gallery, Dresden
1.2.8.8 Annual International Museum Day in Second Life

2 Finding one’s way

2.1 Cultural entity types
2.1.1 Archives
2.1.2 Library
2.1.3 Museum
2.1.4 Widespread cultural heritage
2.1.5 Temporary event
2.1.6 Management and governing institution
2.1.7 Centre for research and training, School
2.1.8 Cultural digital project

2.2 Web application types
2.2.1 Website
2.2.2 Web application
2.2.3 Forum
2.2.4 Blog
2.2.5 Wiki
2.2.6 Web portal
2.2.7 Database management system
2.2.8 Web service
2.2.9 Online social network
2.2.10 Web games
2.2.11 MUVE 79

2.3 Web applications life cycle
2.3.1 Website planning
2.3.2 Website design
2.3.3 Content selection
2.3.4 Digitisation process and collection of digital contents
2.3.5 Storage of the digital masters
2.3.6 Metadata creation and capture
2.3.7 Website implementation and test of the prototype
2.3.8 Online publication
2.3.9 Ongoing maintenance

2.4 Users and usage
2.4.1 The web user: state of the art and trends in definitions
2.4.1.1 The user for ICT professionals
2.4.1.2 The user in marketing
2.4.1.3 The user according to MINERVA
2.4.1.4 The user according to usability gurus
2.4.1.5 The user in current trends
2.4.1.6 The automatic user
2.4.2 The web user – who is he?
2.4.2.1 The in-home user
2.4.2.2 The simulated user
2.4.2.2.1 User types and roles
2.4.2.2.2 Personas
2.4.2.3 Use simulation
2.4.2.3.1 Use cases
2.4.2.3.2 Scenarios
2.4.2.4 The final user point of view: user stories   
2.4.3 Systems adapting their behaviour to users    
2.4.3.1 Customisation  
2.4.3.2 Personalisation

2.5 Interactive and user side services  
2.5.1 Interactive communication services mediated by the information provider
2.5.1.1 Electronic mailing list
2.5.1.2 Newsletter   
2.5.1.3 Forum
2.5.1.4 Blog, photoblog, videoblog, geoblog    
2.5.1.5 Virtual reference services    
2.5.1.6 Mobile devices: SMS/MMS/Bluetooth  
2.5.1.7 Instant messaging
2.5.1.8 Videoconferencing    
2.5.1.9 Streaming
2.5.1.10    WebCam   
2.5.2 Interactive learning services
2.5.2.1 Online tutorials, Online help    
2.5.3 Virtual interactive tours    
2.5.4 Commercial interactive services   
2.5.4.1 E-commerce  
2.5.4.2 Online ticketing    
2.5.5 Interactive forms   
2.5.6 User-side services
2.5.6.1 Podcasting
2.5.6.2 RSS Feed  
2.5.6.3 Social bookmarking  
2.5.6.4 Folksonomies, social tagging   
2.5.6.5 File-sharing (texts, images, video)    
2.5.6.6 Mashup
2.5.6.7 Story-telling
2.5.6.8 Interactive games
2.5.6.9 Masterpiece on your desktop
2.5.6.10    Add a comment
2.5.6.11    Send to a friend
2.5.6.12    Votes and polls
2.5.6.13    Travelogue service
2.5.6.14    Personalised agenda and calendar
2.5.6.15    Personalised map
2.5.6.16    Personalised visitor plans
2.5.6.17    Personalised web gallery / The virtual curator
2.5.6.18    Virtual postcards
2.5.6.19    Learning environments
2.5.7 MUVEs

2.6 Audience measurement on the Internet
2.6.1 Census data measurements: web analytics
2.6.2 Sample or user centred measurements
2.6.2.1 The meter  
2.6.2.2 Standardized interview – Static textual questionnaire
2.6.3 Audience metrics
2.6.4 Log file analysis
2.6.5 Protection of privacy

2.7 Users in the globalised world: multilingualism issues
2.7.1 A case study: the MultiMatch project

3 Pratical tools

3.1 A self-evaluation questionnaire for planning a user-centred web application

3.2 Websites and portals feedback form

4 The importance of using metadata

4.1 Why use metadata for describing websites?

4.2 Benefits of using metadata

4.3 The Dublin Core standard

4.4 Another way to expose resources: Syndication & RSS
4.4.1 Feed readers

4.5 Towards semantic integration
4.5.1 The semantic web
4.5.2 Resource Description Framework Data Model
4.5.3 RDF Vocabulary Description Language, or RDF Schema (RDFS)
4.5.4 Representing thesauri in RDF: SKOS
4.5.5 The Web Ontology Language (OWL)
4.5.6 Semantics for cultural heritage: CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model

annexes

1 Users and usage on the Michael-fr website
2 Digital library users: Results of a Survey on Needs, Expectations and Skills

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